The Vilayet of Baghdad (Arabic: ولاية بغداد; Ottoman Turkish: ولايت بغداد, romanized: 'Vilâyet-i Bagdad; Modern Turkish: Bağdat Vilâyeti) was a first-level administrative division (vilayet) of the Ottoman Empire in modern-day central Iraq.

At the beginning of the 20th century it reportedly had an area of 54,503 square miles (141,160 km2), while the preliminary results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave the population as 850,000.

[1] The accuracy of the population figures ranges from "approximate" to "merely conjectural" depending on the region from which they were gathered.

[1] The last Ottoman Census of 1917 stated that in Baghdad Sanjak out of the 202,000 population, 88,000 were Jews, 8,000 Kurd, 12,000 Christians, 800 Persian and rest Arab and other Muslims.

He extended Ottoman jurisdiction as far as the town of al-Bida, after he had established his authority in Nejd.