Villa Pesqueira is a town, and the surrounding municipality of the same name, in the central region of the Mexican state of Sonora.

It was founded in 1629 by the missionary Martín de Azpilcueta as (San José de) Mátapa.

The State Congress ordered the change to its current name, at the inhabitants' request, on 11 February 1867.

The population was 1,590, of whom 96% lived in the urban area.

The main economic activities are cattle raising (18,000 head in 2005), subsistence farming, and mining.