The plaintiff could also institute an actio furti (a personal action) to punish the defendant.
If the thing could not be recovered, the plaintiff could claim damages from the defendant with the aid of the condictio furtiva (a personal action).
With the aid of the actio legis Aquiliae (a personal action), the plaintiff could claim damages from the defendant.
The function of rei vindicatio remains the same in most modern legal systems as it was in ancient Rome.
Sabinians, following Stoicism, argued that in these areas hyle ‘substance’ supersedes eidos ‘form’.