Viola married young King Wenceslaus III of Bohemia and Poland on 5 October 1305 in Brno.
The reasons for the marriage are not obvious: although later chroniclers describe her beauty Viola, her father Duke Mieszko I was only one of many Wenceslaus' vassals.
Ten months later, on 4 August 1306, King Wenceslaus III was murdered in Olomouc under mysterious circumstances, leaving Viola as a fifteen-year-old widow.
In order to reinforce his bonds with his new ally, King John gave him the hand of Dowager Queen Viola.
The marriage came in 1316, but was childless and short-lived: Viola died on 21 September 1317, and was buried in the vault of the House of Rosenberg in the Vyšší Brod Monastery.