Virgil Munday Chapman (March 15, 1895 – March 8, 1951) was an American attorney and Democratic politician who represented Kentucky in the United States House of Representatives and in the United States Senate.

In 1928 Chapman lost his House seat in the Republican landslide as Herbert Hoover was elected president.

Chapman then was elected to represent Kentucky's 6th district in the House and held that seat from 1935 through 1949.

In 1948 Chapman defeated incumbent John Sherman Cooper for a seat in the United States Senate.

Dan Quayle, William Hathaway, Henry C. Hansbrough, Jonathan Chace, and Tom Udall were all also succeeded by the same person in both the House and Senate.