Virginia v. Maryland, 540 U.S. 56 (2003), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States settled a dispute between the Commonwealth of Virginia and the State of Maryland regarding Virginia's riparian rights to the Potomac River.

[1] The Supreme Court held in a 7–2 decision that Maryland has no legal authority to regulate or prohibit Virginia, its political subdivisions, or its citizens from building or improving structures in the river or from drawing water from the river.

[2] The decision drew heavily on the Maryland–Virginia Compact of 1785, an agreement between the two states concerning navigational and riparian water rights along the Potomac River.

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