Vitaliano Borromeo (3 March 1720 – 7 June 1793) was a Roman Catholic archbishop and cardinal.
Vitaliano was born in Milan, the third son of Giovanni Benedetto Borromeo and Clelia Grillo.
He was the uncle of the Cardinal Giovanni Archinto on his maternal side.
In 1733, he enrolled in the Collegio dei Nobili of Milan, but transferred in 1735 to Rome, and subsequently graduated with a doctorate from the University of Pavia in 1745.
He was named referendary to the Apostolic Signatura; then vice-legate of Bologna from 1747 to 1754.