Jus novum (c. 1140-1563) Jus novissimum (c. 1563-1918) Jus codicis (1918-present) Other Sacraments Sacramentals Sacred places Sacred times Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures Particular churches Juridic persons Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law Clerics Office Juridic and physical persons Associations of the faithful Pars dynamica (trial procedure) Canonization Election of the Roman Pontiff Academic degrees Journals and Professional Societies Faculties of canon law Canonists Institute of consecrated life Society of apostolic life Vitandus and toleratus are former categories of excommunicates from the Catholic Church, introduced by Pope Martin V in 1418 in his apostolic constitution Ad evitanda scandala.
[1][2] A vitandus (Latin for "(one) to be avoided"; plural: vitandi) was someone subject to a decree of excommunication which called for Catholics to shun that person.
[5] Exceptions to the shunning were allowed for spouses, parents, children, servants, and subjects, as well as where some reasonable cause existed.
[9][5] In 1908 Alfred Loisy, Ernesto Buonaiuti, Joseph Turmel, and other Modernists were declared vitandi.
Ott adds that those excommunicated tolerati "according to the opinion almost generally held today" were still members of the Catholic Church "even after the promulgation of the juridical judgment and even if they are deprived of many spiritual benefits".