The toponym referring to a small-sized settlement administered by a free man first appears in its modern sense in a document in which Gisulf, the Lombard Duke of Benevento, grants the lands of Acquafondata and Viticuso to the Abbey of Montecassino.

The saddle that separates the lake site of Viticuso from the Lazio side of Aquilon allows for a view all the way to the sea through the Suio gorge, which was the route taken by Saracen incursions that culminated in the Battle of Garigliano, likely fought at the foot of the settlement of Sant'Apollinare and marked the end of the Arab attempt to conquer the peninsula.

This notation suggests that by 1018, the inhabited core of Viticuso was sufficiently consolidated, to the extent that fortifying it as an outpost of the county was deemed necessary, unlike Acquafondata, where the castle was only built on that occasion.

From that moment onwards, Viticuso loses its role as a frontier castle and shares the common fate of the inland areas, where pastoral tradition marks the rhythm of time, interrupted by catastrophic events such as earthquakes.

The society primarily based on pastoral resources struggles under the burden of tithes owed to the abbey, and for centuries, the sources do not provide significant elements that shed light on the development of the village.

Nevertheless, the convenient accessibility to major urban centers facilitated the presence of prominent figures in terms of culture, who maintained regular relationships with the clergy of nearby dioceses.

During the years that witnessed the birth of the Kingdom of Italy, the presence of wooded areas and a dense network of trails facilitated the phenomenon of brigandage, which found a perfect environment in Viticuso to unfold some highly intense episodes.

Subsequently, the progressive impoverishment of the inland areas is only partially mitigated by the construction of sections of intermunicipal roadways undertaken by the new kingdom in the early twentieth century.

Thanks to an in-depth genetic, morphological, and ecological study, a team of Italian researchers, coordinated by the University of Insubria, found that the squirrel populations in southern Italy belong to a distinct species rather than a subspecies, as previously believed.

Mammals in Viticuso: Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), Deer (Cervus elaphus), Wild boar (Sus scrofa), Weasel (Mustela nivalis), Stone marten (Martes foina), Wildcat (Felis silvestris), Dormouse (Glis glis), Porcupine (Hystrix cristata), Hare (Lepus europaeus), Wolf (Canis lupus italicus), Marten (Martes martes), Dormouse (Eledone moschata), Common noctule (Nyctalus noctula), Dwarf bat (Pipistrellus pipistrellus), Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), Squirrel (Sciurus meridionalis), Talpa (Talpa europaea), Badger (Meles meles), Shrew (Sorex araneus), House mouse (Mus musculus), Fox (Vulpes vulpes)