[10][6] With her father and younger brother Lars, Miedema would often travel 190 kilometres (120 mi) to Rotterdam in order to watch Feyenoord play.

[7] After receiving an offer from SC Heerenveen, Miedema signed her first professional contract as a 14-year-old and found herself playing in the Eredivisie, the top Dutch women's league, with players much older than herself.

[20] In the match against SGS Essen on 30 November, Miedema tore the outer band of her ankle resulting in some time away from the pitch.

[30] The club also won the 2017–18 FA WSL Cup, with Miedema scoring the game-winning goal of the final, a 1–0 victory over Manchester City.

[45] On 7 February 2021, Manchester City forward Ellen White became the all-time record goal scorer, having scored 55 times to Miedema's 54.

[48] On 9 September 2021, Miedema scored her 100th goal for Arsenal, completing a hattrick in a 4–0 win against Slavia Prague in the Champions League qualifier.

[65][66] Following a long period of absence following her knee surgery, Miedema returned to play against Ipswich in the FA cup, scoring a goal to contribute to their 3-0 victory.

[71] At the 2014 UEFA Under-19 Championship, she was vital for the Dutch success, her six goals in the tournament guided the Netherlands to their first-ever title in women's football.

She was an 84th-minute substitute for Lieke Martens in a 4–0 2015 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 5 win over Albania in Tirana.

[76] One month later she scored her first goals at the senior international level, a 16-minute hat-trick, in the Netherlands' 7–0 2015 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 5 win over Portugal.

[77] In October 2014, Miedema played a key role in the Netherlands' World Cup qualification play-off victory over Scotland.

In the first leg at Tynecastle Stadium, her long-range shot was deflected by Scotland goalkeeper Gemma Fay, before Martens converted the rebound.

[78] In the final qualification play-off versus Italy, Miedema scored all of the Dutch goals as the Netherlands won 3–2 on aggregate and advanced to the 2015 FIFA World Cup.

[79] Despite being still in her teens, she was widely proclaimed "the most gifted striker in Europe" ahead of the Netherlands' first-ever FIFA Women's World Cup appearance.

[80] At the age of 18, her 16 goals during the qualifying tournament matched the previous European record set by Adriana Martín and established Miedema as the seventh-highest goalscorer in the history of UEFA women's national team competitions.

[81] Despite the high expectations, a decidedly "off colour"[82] Miedema was unable to replicate her pre-tournament form and failed to score as the Netherlands reached the round of 16 by finishing third in their group,[83] and then lost 2–1 to Japan.

[81] Two years later Miedema admitted that the pressure on her at the 2015 World Cup felt "crazy", and she was pleased that other talented Dutch players had emerged afterward to take some of the attention away from her.

[88] On 15 June 2019, Miedema became the all-time top scorer of the Netherlands women's national football team after scoring her 60th goal in a 3–1 win against Cameroon at the 2019 FIFA World Cup in France.

[90] During the Netherlands' 2–0 quarter-final victory over Italy, she scored both goals, was named Player of the Match, and led the Dutch team to its first–ever World Cup semi-final.

[91][92] Miedema's performance throughout the tournament was instrumental in leading the Netherlands to the final, where they fell 2–0 to defending champions United States.

[95] In the first match at the 2022 UEFA European Championship in England, against Sweden, Miedema took over the captaincy when Sari van Veenendaal had to leave the pitch injured.

[101] Miedema was unable to participate at the 2023 FIFA World Cup after sustaining an anterior cruciate ligament tear in December 2022.

[72] Journalist David Winner, author of a book about Dutch football, sees her style of play as a mix of Marco van Basten and Dennis Bergkamp.

"[106] Former Swedish international, Nilla Fischer described Miedema as an intelligent and clever player: "She really tries to go on your blind spot and then make a move when you're not ready.

[109][110] Miedema was previously in a relationship with Scottish footballer and ex-Bayern Munich and Arsenal teammate, Lisa Evans, for six years.

[114] Known for her lack of interest in overtly celebrating her goals, she made a rare exception upon becoming the Netherlands' top scorer in 2019 after her brother insisted she mark the achievement.

[114] Miedema is a co-author of Vivianne voetbalt, a series of children's comic books featuring her, written in her native Dutch language.

[116] In November 2021, Miedema joined the charity movement Common Goal, committing 1% of her salary to community organisations working with young people.

"[118] In March 2022 she led Common Goal's emergency response to the help victims of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, together with Juventus player Paulo Dybala.

[119] In October 2024 she was one of over a hundred women's footballers to sign an open letter to urge FIFA to stop the Saudi Aramco sponsorship, on the grounds of human rights violations.