In 1986-1987 he worked as a researcher at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

[4] In 1993-1995 he worked at the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation (Deputy Head of the Currency Department).

In 1995-1997 he was Deputy Head of the Department of Foreign Loans and External Debt of the Ministry of Finance.

[4] May 27, 2004 Dmitriev was appointed Chairman of VEB (by decree of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin).

[6] On April 20, 2016 he was appointed Vice President of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation.