Smolensk Voivodeship (Latin: Palatinatus smolencensis; Belarusian: Смаленскае ваяводзтва; Polish: Województwo smoleńskie; Lithuanian: Smolensko vaivadija; Russian: Смоленское воеводство) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.

The territory of Smolensk was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania since 1404, but the voivodeship was established only in 1508.

[2] Even when the territory was under Russian control, Poland and Lithuania claimed it as a titular voivodeship.

It was recovered by King Sigismund III of Poland in 1611, but Smolensk Voivodeship as part of the Commonwealth existed only for 56 years.

After its final annexation by Russia, it continued to exist as a voivodeship in exile, with sejmiks taking place at a Bernardine Church in Vilnius.