It is located 50 km (31 mi) northwest of Vavaʻu, between Late and Fonualei on the Tofua ridge.

It is part of the highly active Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone and its associated volcanic arc, which extends from New Zealand north-northeast to Fiji, and is formed by the subduction of the Pacific Plate under the Indo-Australian Plate.

[1][3] In August 2019 a 150 km2 (58 sq mi) pumice raft was discovered floating in the Pacific Ocean in Tonga.

[4][5] The pumice raft was observed by numerous yachts and reached Fiji in September.

[6] Discoloured water and analysis of the drift path using satellite imagery showed that the raft had originated from an eruption of Volcano F beginning on 6 August 2019.