The Volvo Modular Engine is a family of straight-four, straight-five, and straight-six automobile piston engines that was produced by Volvo Cars in Skövde,[15] Sweden from 1990[16] until 2016.
[16] The Volvo Modular Engine was developed as part of Project Galaxy[17][18] which began in the late 1970s.
[19][20] The prototype engines called X-100[21] had only four cylinders[22] but already featured the sandwich and all aluminium construction of the later production variants.
[23][24] Early prototypes of the X-100 were designed similar to the existing redblock engines with a single camshaft and the oil filter mounted on the side of the engine rather than the bottom.
[16] A year later, with the introduction of the Volvo 850 in June 1991, the first five-cylinder variant in form of the B5254F[16][27][28] hit the market.
It was equipped with V-VIS[29] (Volvo Variable Intake System) which was designed to improve engine response between 1500 and 4100 rpm.
[34] The same year Volvo shared the B4204S and B5244S engines with Renault, who used them in the Laguna and Safrane models under the name N7Q and N7U.
In 1998, with the introduction of the 1999 model year S80,[35] Volvo began to transition to updated versions of their N-series engines,[36] now called RN,[37][11] short for revised N.[38] Drive-by-wire, coil-on-plug systems and variable valve timing (VVT)[39] were introduced along with new engine management systems.
The new engine was called RNC,[42][43] the 'C' standing for 'compact' to emphasise the decrease in overall dimensions.
Compared to the previous generation the new engine was 200mm slimmer[nb 2] and 25mm shorter.
On turbocharged engines the exhaust manifold and turbine housing were now combined into one part; all engines were equipped with plastic intake manifolds and continuously variable valve timing (CVVT).
Applications: The S40 V40 1.8 also came with a Mitsubishi 4G93 gasoline direct-injection engine (GDI) These displace 1834 cc and were given type designation B4184SM and B4184SJ by Volvo.
Specifications: Applications: The B4204 are 1.9 L (1,948 cc) straight-fours; although they are typically treated like 2-liter engines by Volvo in terms of nomenclature.
It is naturally aspirated and features variable valve timing (VVT).
It is turbocharged and intercooled with a power output of 210 PS (154 kW; 207 hp), and produces 300 N⋅m (221 lb⋅ft) of torque.
It was offered only in Italy,[78] Taiwan[78] and Iceland, due to local tax laws.
It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management for model years 1997 and 1998.
It was only offered in Italy,[78] Portugal,[78] and Taiwan,[78] due to high taxes on cars with more than 2000 cc engine capacity, and also in Norway.
Model years 1997 and 1998 are equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management, model years 1999 and up are equipped with Bosch ME7 engine management.
Also added for the 1999 model year was variable valve timing for the exhaust cam.
The T-5R has two different ratings for the power output: 225 PS (165 kW; 222 hp) at 5600 rpm under normal conditions and 240 PS (177 kW; 237 hp) at 5600 rpm with overboost.
This engine is naturally aspirated and was offered in two versions with different power levels: Applications: The B5244S2 is a 2.4 L (2,435 cc) straight-five.
It is naturally aspirated and it is equipped with Siemens Fenix 5.2 engine management.
It is naturally aspirated with a power output of 170 PS (125 kW; 168 hp) with 220 N⋅m (162 lb⋅ft) of torque at 3300 rpm.
It is equipped with Bosch LH-3.2/EZ-129K engine management and features V-VIS for model years 1995 and 1996.
From model year 1997 on it is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management.
It is equipped with Bosch Motronic 4.4 engine management for model years 1997 and 1998.
[170] Unlike previous designs, the turbocharger is integral with the exhaust manifold.
[214] Applications: Non-catalyst, leaded-fuel compatible version of the B6254S, for regions with limited availability of unleaded fuel.
Engine output was reduced to 180 hp (134 kW; 182 PS) and 199 lb⋅ft (270 N⋅m) by changing the cam profile (back then without variable valve timing) in favour of emissions regulations.