The Greek language also underwent a vowel shift near the beginning of the Common Era, which included iotacism.
Another identifying feature of CVS is the raising or backing of the vowel /æ/ such as that found in cat, depending on its linguistic environment and whether it is pre-nasal or not.
Additionally, Northern California speech acts are centralizing the sound that occurs in words such as boat (/oʊ/).
The region of California that includes the Silicon Valley and the populous cities of San Francisco, Oakland and San Jose utilizes the same speech vowel shifts as their native Northern California neighbors in regards to vowel shortening and centralization of the diphthong in words such as boat or coat.
[3] Native Bay Area residents tend to have a more intensive vowel shift in regards to the components that comprise CVS.
The Canadian Vowel Shift can be described to have a lot of systematic changes, however one of the main ones can be found in the lowering of /ɪ/, /ɛ/, /æ/.
In recent decades, Standard Southern British (SSB) has undergone an "anti-clockwise" vowel shift.
[7] Wolfram, Walt, and Natalie Schilling-Estes, American English: Dialects and Variation, Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing, 2006