Vrancea (Romanian pronunciation: [ˈvrant͡ʃe̯a]) is a county (județ) in Romania, with its seat at Focșani.

A curvedly shaped mountainous area, known in Romanian as the Carpații de Curbură, lies in the western part of the county, at the Southern end of the Eastern Carpathians, with heights over 1,400 m (4,600 ft).

To the East, the heights decrease into hilly areas and the lower valley of the Siret River.

The territory of Vrancea County is the most seismically active zone of Romania, with yearly earthquakes whose focal depths are between 80 and 160 km (50 and 99 mi) and therefore affect wide regions.

The most powerful was the 1802 Vrancea earthquake with an estimated intensity of 7.9 on the moment magnitude scale, but which killed only 4 people.