Clearwater Formation

Sandstone units in the Clearwater Formation, including the Wabiskaw Member, can contain oilsand and heavy oil resources.

[1] Nearly complete specimens of plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs, as well as one ankylosaur, have been recovered from the formation during oilsand mining.

To the southeast of Cold Lake it includes massive hydrocarbon-bearing, glauconitic salt-and-pepper sandstones with interbedded shales.

It consists of glauconitic sandstones with interbeds of black fissile shale, and it includes oilsand and heavy oil in some areas.

Workers at mines near Fort McMurray have made a number of significant finds while removing Clearwater strata to expose underlying oilsand deposits.

Plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs were large marine reptiles, but the ankylosaur was an armoured dinosaur and represents a terrestrial animal that became entombed in the sea floor approximately 200 kilometres (120 mi) from the nearest known paleo-shoreline.

[7] Cenovus Inc. (CVE), with its head office in Calgary, Alberta, Canada is an integrated oil and natural gas producer.

"Steam is re-injected to begin a new cycle when oil production rates fall below a critical threshold due to the cooling of the reservoir.

"[10] Canadian Natural Resources Limited's (CNRL) Primrose and Wolf Lake in situ oil sands project near Cold Lake, Alberta in the Clearwater Formation, operated by CNRL subsidiary Horizon Oil Sands, use the high pressure cyclic steam stimulation (HPCSS).