As early as Roman times, the island functioned as a point of departure for ships going to Britain; it had a temple of the goddess Nehalennia who was popular with those who braved the waters of the North Sea.

In the event, the Dutch resistance — much stronger than anticipated — managed to repulse the French-English attack, and the treaty was not implemented.

Beginning on 30 July 1809, a British expeditionary force of 39,000 men landed on Walcheren, intending to assist the Austrians in their efforts against Napoleon and attack the French Navy fleet moored at Flushing.

The expedition turned into a disaster, as although British troops captured Flushing the Austrians had already been decisively defeated at the Battle of Wagram in early July and were suing for peace.

The 2nd Canadian Infantry Division cleared South Beveland to the east and approached the island on 31 October 1944.

The only route open was the 40 metre wide Walcheren Causeway, a mile-long land bridge from South Beveland to the island.

Le Régiment de Maisonneuve relieved them on the causeway, followed by the 1st Battalion, Glasgow Highlanders of the British 52nd Infantry Division.

Meanwhile, on 1 November 1944, British Commandos landed in the village of Westkapelle in order to silence the German coastal batteries looking out over the Scheldt.

The amphibious assault (Operation Infatuate) proved a success and by 8 November, all German resistance on the island had ceased.