Fulweiler received her undergraduate degree in international studies from the University of Vermont in 2000.

in oceanography from the University of Rhode Island, and completed her Ph.D. in 2007 under the advising of Scott Nixon.

[2][3] Fulweiler is known for her research in nutrients and energy flow in marine environments.

[19] In 2013, she received the Cronin Award from the Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation.

[20] In 2015 the University of Rhode Island recognized Fulweiler as a rising star,[21] and in 2016 she was named a fellow of the Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography.