Ph.D. (April 23, 1859[1]–1935) was an American ethnologist who worked for the Smithsonian Institution.

Though Hough's work revolved around cataloging the museum's collections, he also spent time doing archaeological field work in the American Southwest.

In 1905, Hough unearthed preserved cobs of maize in a cave in New Mexico that helped subsequent archaeologists determine that the Mogollon ethnic group inhabited the area before the Anasazi Puebloans, who were previously considered to be the area's earliest inhabitants.

[3] In 1892, Hough was made Knight of the Order of Isabella when in Madrid as a member of the United States Commission.

Hough married Myrtle Zuck, a botanical collector, of Holbrook, Arizona on the 29 December 29, 1897.