[4] This method is attributed to Warsh, who himself obtained it from his teacher Nafiʽ al-Madani, who was one of the seven readers who transmitted the Ten Readings.
[6] This recitation relates to Imam Warsh (716-813 CE), whose real name is Uthman Ibn Sa‘id al-Qutbi and was born in Egypt.
[7] His nickname Warsh (Arabic: وَرْش), a milk substance, came from his teacher Nafiʽ al-Madani due to his fair complexion.
[10] In the tenth century, the Muslim scholar Abu Bakr Ibn Mujāhid canonized the seven readings of the Quran, including Warsh ʽan Naafiʽ.
[11] Although having emerged in Egypt, the recitation of Warsh ʽan Naafiʽ has become widespread in North Africa.