[5] Some scholars suggest the Waxhaw may have been a band of the Catawba rather than a distinctly separate people, given the similarity in what is known of their language and customs.
In 1673, Gabriel Arthur stayed with the Tomahittan and claimed that they had members of the "Weesock" tribe living among them as warrior slaves.
[7] Captain Jack's unit was referred to as the Essaw Company and contained Wateree, Sugaree, Catawba, Sutaree, Waxhaw, Congaree, and Sattee warriors, totaling 155 men.
[8] Barnwell describes using Captain Jack's company to conduct an enveloping maneuver through a swamp during his attack against the Tuscarora town of Kenta.
Francis Le Jau, in his letters to a missionary organization based in London, recounted an attack launched by the Catawba and their neighbors on 17 May 1715 against the Goose Creek settlement in South Carolina.
Though Le Jau did not mention the Waxhaw by name, it is likely they were included in the band he was referring to when he wrote "..that Body of Northern Indians being a mixture of Catabaws, Sarraws, Waterees &c"[9] The Native Americans first had success at Goose Creek, ambushing and defeating 90 men under the command of Thomas Barker, son-in-law of Col. James Moore.
Peter Moore and William Ramsey argue that they disbanded immediately following the Yamasee War against English colonists in the 1710s.
In Robert Ney McNeely's 1912 history of Union County, he suggested that the Waxhaw continued on as an independent tribe until the 1740s, but primary sources do not corroborate this.