Weilen unter den Rinnen was ruled by Austria from 1381 to 1805, when it was ceded in the process of German mediatization to the Kingdom of Württemberg.

Weilen was assigned by Stuttgart to Oberamt Spaichingen [de], with which it remained until that district's dissolution in 1938.

[3] The municipality (Gemeinde) of Weilen unter den Rinnen is part of the Zollernalb district of Baden-Württemberg, a state of the Federal Republic of Germany.

Weilen is physically located in the foothills of the Swabian Jura, on the albtrauf near the Ortenberg above the Schlichem.

Elevation above sea level in the municipal area ranges from a high of 872 meters (2,861 ft) Normalnull (NN) to the southeast, in the High Swabian Jura [de], to a low of 672 meters (2,205 ft) NN on the Schlichem to the northeast.