Well stimulation

A simple and safe solution is to pump diluted acid mixtures from surface into the well to dissolve the offending material.

[2][3] Once dissolved, permeability should be restored and the reservoir fluids will flow into the well bore, cleaning up what is left of the damaging material.

In more serious cases, pumping from surface is insufficient as it does not target any particular location downhole and reduces the chances of the chemical retaining its effectiveness when it gets there.

Acidization process cleans out debris clogging the well and increases the permeability of the reservoir rock, allowing oil or gas to flow more freely.

The process involves the high-pressure injection of "fracking fluid" (primarily water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents) into a wellbore to create cracks in the deep rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum, and brine will flow more freely.

[10] Drilling and hydraulic fracturing have made the United States a major crude oil exporter as of 2019,[11] but leakage of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, has dramatically increased.

[12][13] Increased oil and gas production from the decade-long fracking boom has led to lower prices for consumers, with near-record lows of the share of household income going to energy expenditures.

[21] Opponents of fracking argue that these are outweighed by the environmental impacts, which include groundwater and surface water contamination,[22] noise and air pollution, the triggering of earthquakes, and the resulting hazards to public health and the environment.

[23][24] Research has found adverse health effects in populations living near hydraulic fracturing sites,[25][26] including confirmation of chemical, physical, and psychosocial hazards such as pregnancy and birth outcomes, migraine headaches, chronic rhinosinusitis, severe fatigue, asthma exacerbations and psychological stress.

Gas lift is sometimes considered a form of stimulation, particularly when it is only used for starting up the well and shut off during steady state operation.

They are also able to perform pre-drilling of the top hole sections in deep water and well intervention operations with workover risers.