The species is widely found in its native range and is considered common, often being seen in yards, or as the name implies, on fences.

Five subspecies are recognized, as follows: Some authors have raised the island fence lizard to specific rank, Sceloporus becki.

However, recent work in molecular systematics has suggested there are four clades and 11 genetically separable populations, and the subspecies will probably have to be redefined.

In some populations the males also display iridescent, bright turquoise blue spots on the dorsal surface.

[5] The sagebrush lizard, S. graciosus, lacks yellow limbs and has smaller dorsal scales.

[10] These lizards are diurnal, and are commonly seen basking on paths, rocks, and fence posts, and other suitable sunny locations.

[7] They can change color from light grey or tan to nearly jet black for the purpose of thermoregulation while basking.

[6] The western fence lizard primarily eats small invertebrates, but may consume any appropriately sized prey item.

[5][6] Studies have shown that cases of Lyme disease are rarer in areas where the lizards are found.