The town of Wheatland is located in the southwest part of Monroe County, New York.

Oatka Creek, the only significant waterway in Wheatland and a major component of the town's history, is a tributary of the Genesee River.

On April 3, 1821, the state legislature changed the town's name to Wheatland, allegedly at the behest of John Garbutt, a former Englishman[6] markedly devoid of Scottish tendencies.

In those days, the growing of wheat and the manufacture of flour were the county's primary economic activity, and the Wheatland area figured prominently in this trade.

The US Census of 1850 notes that the counties of Monroe and Livingston led the entire United States in wheat production.

As the vast agricultural expanses of the American Midwest opened up, the local wheat industry went into decline, beginning in the decade prior to the Civil War.

The Romanta T. Miller House and Oatka Cemetery were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2014.

The Scottsville Free Library, at 28 Main Street, serves the village, town, and outlying areas.