White-browed tit-warbler

The white-browed tit-warbler (Leptopoecile sophiae) is a species of bird in the family Aegithalidae.

The nominate race and L. s. obscurus form a similar group distinguished by their dark coloration and high altitude homes, whereas L. s. major and L. s. stoliczkae form a group distinguished by light coloration and lower altitude range.

[5] A 2016 paper determined that they belonged to a "Middle-mountainous forest steppe community" within the Tian Shan mountain range.

[6] A study within Karakoram National Park found that they were uncommon residents, and that there was a winter influx of population.

[2] A study in the mountains of Tibet found that the white-browed tit-warbler begins breeding before any other local songbird, generally starting in early April and running through July.

[5] The Tibetan study noted some unusual behavior, such as two females attending a single nest, which means that the species may practice cooperative breeding.

[5] This finding is backed up by the discovery of egg dumping, in which a female laid her entire clutch in another's nest, and not as a form of brood parasitism.

[2] Predation accounts for a relatively low rate of nest failure: only 34% compared to an average of 80% for birds in similar habitats.

[5] Despite living in a very cold climate, they lack an arteria ophthalmica externa, a specialized blood vessel.

In many cold adapted birds, this blood vessel is routed through the skull such that it minimizes heat loss.

[8] The Tibetan study found a significant decline in nests between 2005 and 2007, but was uncertain what had caused such a steep loss.

Male bird in tree
Male, showing colorful plumage