Jerusalem studied classical philosophy at the University of Prague and prepared a doctorate entitled "The Inscription of Sestos and Polybios".
From scientific work about the deafblind he developed the Austrian direction of the philosophical method of "Pragmatism".
After World War I he became an associate professor of philosophy and educational theory at the University of Vienna.
In 1919 he became one of the teachers of the "Schönbrunner Schule" (Schönbrunn School) which came about after the Vice Mayor of Vienna Max Winter had obtained a considerable part of the Viennese Schönbrunn Palace to be used for the advancement of the education of young women, and a small number of men, to become educators and teachers.
Among his students were the writer Stephan Hock, the politician Karl Renner, the composer Viktor Ullmann, the poet Anton Wildgans, the philosopher Vladimir Dvorniković and Otto Felix Kanitz.