[1] He served in the British Army's 26th (Cameronian) Regiment of Foot during the Peninsular War against Napoleon in Spain.
His regiment was later transferred to Hong Kong and he began his long association with the colony.
[2] Caine was Chief Magistrate, the head of pre-Hong Kong Police Force from 1841 to 1844.
[4] His role was considerably diminished after the arrival in 1849 of the new governor Sir John Bowring who stamped his authority on Hong Kong after his power struggle with Caine went all the way to the Colonial Office for resolution.
Caine was party to a long-running feud with William Tarrant, who, as Registrar of Deeds in 1847, accused Caine of permitting his comprador to extort vendors in Central Market and siphon prostitutes tax into private pocket.