William Karlin (March 29, 1882 – December 1944) was an American politician and labor leader from New York.
In 1920, he appeared as counsel for the five suspended Socialist members of the 143rd New York State Legislature during their trial for fitness to take their seats, which ended with their expulsion.
In 1922, Karlin ran in the 20th District for Congress, but was defeated by Republican Fiorello La Guardia.
Karlin ran unsuccessfully on the Socialist ticket for New York Attorney General at the state elections in 1928, 1930, 1932 and 1934.
In 1936, he left the Socialist Party and joined the Social Democratic Federation.