William Lockhart (3 October 1811 – 29 April 1896) was a Protestant Christian missionary who served with the London Missionary Society during the late Qing Dynasty in China.

In 1834, he became a member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England and later of the London Missionary Society (LMS).

In 1857, he became fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, in 1864 director of the LMS and in 1878 President of the Medical Missionary Association.

In 1861, Lockhart published a book titled The medical missionary in China: a narrative of twenty years' experience, where among other things he insisted that one should not serve both as a preacher and a physician.

[1][2] The papers of William Lockhart are held by SOAS Archives.