William Parker Caldwell (November 8, 1832 – June 7, 1903) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 9th congressional district of Tennessee.

Caldwell was born in Christmasville in Carroll County, Tennessee, on November 8, 1832.

He attended school at McLemoresville, Tennessee, and at Princeton, Kentucky.

Caldwell practiced in Dresden and Union City, Tennessee.

[4] His house in Gardner is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.