He was the Treasurer of Virginia and the oldest child of William Randolph and Mary Isham.

[1][2][3] Randolph was born in November 1681[1] to William Randolph and Mary Isham on the Turkey Island Plantation along the James River in Henrico County, Virginia, and resided there his entire life.

[2] He married Elizabeth Beverley (the daughter of Peter Beverley, a Speaker of the House of Burgesses and Treasurer of Virginia) around 1705 and the couple had seven children, five of which reached adulthood:[1][2][4][nb 1] Randolph was a great-uncle of United States President Thomas Jefferson.

[8] After Beverley's sudden death, Peter Randolph inherited his brother's land and completed work on the project – renaming the town "Beverley" in honor of his older brother – with help from William Cabell and Peter Jefferson.

[8] Jefferson was one of a number of important Virginians, including Carter Braxton, Joshua Fry, John Hunter, Robert Rose, and William Stith.