He was born at Chapel of Wemyss in Fife on 30 June 1686, the third son of William Robertson of Gladney and Brunton (near Cupar), and his wife, Margaret Mitchell.
In September 1714 he returned to Scotland as minister of Borthwick south of Edinburgh.
After almost two decades in Borthwick he translated to Lady Yester's Church in Edinburgh in November 1733.
[2] His interest in history was passed on to his son, William Robertson who followed in his shoes both to Lady Yester's Church and Greyfriars.
[3] He died in Edinburgh on 16 November 1745 and is buried in Greyfriars Kirkyard probably in the same position where his son's mausoleum was built.