William Whiteway (1599–1635) was an English merchant and politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1626.
He became a steward of the hospital in 1626 and overseer of the poor for Holy Trinity parish in 1628.
Under the new Charter for Dorchester issued by Charles I on 22 December 1630 he was listed as Capital burgess and first alderman.
He displayed a wide range of interests and was knowledgeable about astronomy, geology, art and architecture.
His library included books on logic medicine and mathematics.