[4] Fort Bridgman, Vernon, was burned in 1755, a casualty of the French and Indian War.

As of the 2010 United States Census, 44,513 people, 19,290 households, and 11,453 families resided in the county.

[20] In 1828, Windham County was won by National Republican Party candidate John Quincy Adams and by Henry Clay in 1832.

From William Henry Harrison in 1836 to Winfield Scott in 1852, the county would vote the Whig Party candidates.

From John C. Frémont in 1856 to Richard Nixon in 1960, the Republican Party would have a 104-year winning streak within Windham County.

In 1964, the county was won by Democratic Party incumbent President Lyndon B. Johnson, who became not only the first Democratic presidential candidate to win the county, but to win the state of Vermont entirely.

[24] In 2006, four towns in Windham County, Dummerston, Marlboro, Newfane, and Stratton, had their citizens pass resolutions supporting the proposed impeachment of President George W.

Where no coverage exists, the Vermont State Police are the de facto law enforcement agency.

The following towns maintain a contract with the Windham County Sheriff's Department for patrol services: Athens, Dummerston, Grafton, Halifax, Jamaica, Londonderry, Marlboro, Newfane, Putney, Rockingham, Vernon, Westminster, and Windham.

[30] Windham County is crossed by: Local bus service, particularly in and around Brattleboro and Bellows Falls, is provided by Connecticut River Transit's "The Current".

The Deerfield Valley Transit Association's fare-free MOOver serves mostly the southwestern portion of the county, especially the town of Wilmington and nearby ski areas.

The national intercity bus service Greyhound serves Windham County with stops in Brattleboro and Bellows Falls daily.

Amtrak, the national intercity rail network, operates its Vermonter, running daily from St. Albans, Vermont to Washington, DC through Bellows Falls and Brattleboro with one daily northbound and southbound stop in both stations in the county.

In Vermont, towns are contiguous named places, subdivisions of counties, where there is permanent, year-round human population.

Villages are named places and sometimes formal census divisions, but may or may not be incorporated separately within a town's borders.