The decision is based upon "his or her performances in school's cricket, as reported in Wisden".
Douglas Henderson partially explained the reason for this in the 2010 edition of Wisden, pointing out that restrictions on young pace bowlers restricts them to bowling no more than 21 overs per day, therefore limiting their chances of taking many wickets.
[5][a] The first three recipients of the award; Bairstow, James Taylor and Jos Buttler have gone on to represent England in Test cricket.
No award was made for the 2020 season, as the school cricket programme was reduced by the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom.
To compensate, Wisden compiled a notional list of winners from 1900 to 2006, which included a number of future Test cricketers.