He was the vice-captain and a crucial member of the England team that won the 2019 Cricket World Cup, and made the run out during the Super Over which sealed victory in the final.

[12] He made his senior club cricket debut for Cheddar before moving to Glastonbury in the 2006 season, aged just 15, taking three catches and 15 runs as wicket-keeper.

[15] The following season he played regularly for Glastonbury in the West of England Premier League, and for Somerset Under-17s, for whom he scored two centuries; an unbeaten 119 during a two-day match against Surrey Under-17s,[16] and 110 against Sussex Under-17s.

[23] He made his first-class debut for Somerset in September 2009, replacing the injured Justin Langer for the County Championship match against Lancashire, scoring 30 in his only innings.

Brian Rose, Somerset's Director of Cricket, chose not to bring in an experienced keeper to deputise, explaining that Kieswetter had been in a similar position three years earlier and that he had good reports of Buttler's ability.

[30] He made his maiden first-class century in his fourth County Championship match, scoring 144 runs in an innings characterised by "dogged determination and [a] decent range of shots".

[33] His continued good batting form, which also saw him make scores of 52 and 31* in a County Championship match against Yorkshire,[34] saw him retain his place in the Somerset team upon Kieswetter's return.

[35] Buttler was named Man of the Match in Somerset's 2010 Friends Provident T20 semi-final victory over Nottinghamshire at the Rose Bowl, reaching a "breathtaking" half-century from 21 balls to score an unbeaten 55 runs in a partnership of 75 with Kieron Pollard.

He joined up with the squad in Bangladesh following Somerset's elimination from the Champions League Twenty20 for the seven-match youth One Day International (ODI) series, playing again as a specialist batsman.

He scored an unbeaten 39 in 19 balls against Sri Lanka[94] and made 65 against Bangladesh[95] but ultimately England lost both matches in a disastrous campaign, failing to progress beyond the group stages.

He was commended for nullifying the extremely difficult batting conditions by employing techniques such as using his feet and frequently playing sweep shots.

[121] Following the innings, West Indian batsman Chris Gayle praised Buttler, stating, "He is superb, one of the best strikers [of the ball] in world cricket today. ...

[128] In the next match against Pakistan, he scored 103 from 76 balls (the then-fastest century by an English batsman in a World Cup) and shared a 130-run partnership with Joe Root for the fourth wicket, despite a shock 14-run defeat.

[130] However, he did not keep wicket during Bangladesh's innings after sustaining a minor hip injury while batting, making way for Jonny Bairstow to assume the role for the match,[131] which England won by 106 runs.

His innings was particularly crucial and game-changing as he scored at a quicker rate on a difficult pitch where other batsmen including his partner and Man Of the Match Ben Stokes struggled.

[133] In July 2019, following England's World Cup success, the ECB named Buttler in the fourteen-man Test squad for the upcoming Ashes series.

[139][140] Buttler was England's stand out batsman of the summer, averaging 52 whilst notching up 2 half centuries, the latter a series winning 75 in the fourth innings at Old Trafford alongside Chris Woakes from almost certain defeat.

[149] It was announced on 21 January that Buttler would be returning home after the first test of the upcoming series in India in line with England's rotation and resting policy.

[151] Buttler made scores of 30 and 24 and took 5 catches helping England to a famous victory in the first test against India in Chennai before returning home to rest.

In the 5 match T20 series in Ahmedabad, Buttler was England's stand out batsman with 2 half centuries and averaging over 40, including his highest T20I score of 83 not out in the 3rd outing.

[166] Buttler was initially only expected to play for Melbourne in their first two matches of the competition but this was extended due to the late arrival of Pakistani all-rounder Mohammad Hafeez, who had been called into the Pakistan Test squad.

Expecting to be left out of the 2017–18 Ashes series in Australia, Buttler signed a two-year contract in August 2017 with Comilla Victorians to appear in the Bangladesh Premier League (BPL).

[180] The England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) allowed Buttler and Root to play the first half of the season, despite a busy international schedule throughout 2019.

[181] Buttler made his highest BBL score of 89 from 54 deliveries against Hobart Hurricanes, despite a seven-wicket defeat,[182] before making 55 in a thrilling one-run win over Perth Scorchers.

On auction day, 24th November 2024, Rajasthan Royals tried to bid back on Jos but he was finally sold to Gujarat Titans for 15.75 Crore Indian Rupees.

In 2013, he was out for 94 runs for Somerset while attempting to reach his century by hitting a six and George Dobell, writing for ESPNcricinfo, questioned "his ability to defend and deny bowlers".

[47] Dobell praised the first half of Buttler's innings, which ensured a draw for Somerset, saying that "it showed a young man responding to his team's needs with a restrained, mature performance that exhibited a decent defence and an ability to leave and play straight" and that he had "produced some of those trademark straight drives and several powerful pulls" but felt that "it is the strokes he does not play that are as relevant as those he does".

[227] Despite not always being his county's first-choice wicket-keeper and reservations about the quality of his work behind the stumps, Buttler has frequently been used in that role by the England team since the beginning of 2013, especially in one-day cricket.

Whether he should play as a wicket-keeper or specialist batsman was questioned in middle of the 2015 season[228] and Bairstow replaced him for the third ODI during Australia's 2015 tour due to Buttler's poor form with the bat throughout the Australian series.

[236][237] His highest Twenty20 International (T20I) score is 101 not out off 67 balls, and was achieved against Sri Lanka in November 2021 at the Sharjah Cricket Stadium in the 2021 ICC Men's T20 World Cup.