Vitebsk Voivodeship (Belarusian: Віцебскае ваяводзтва; Polish: Województwo witebskie; Latin: Palatinatus Vitebsciensis) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (from 1569 Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth) from the 15th century until the partitions of Poland in 1795.

Zygmunt Gloger in his monumental book Historical Geography of the Lands of Old Poland provides this description of the Witebsk Voivodeship: “Witebsk (in Latin Vitebscum), located on the Dvina river, was one of main gord of the Principality of Polotsk.

First voivode of Witebsk was Jerzy Chlebowicz (...) The Dvina river divided the voivodeship into two parts, of which northern one was smaller.

Since the town of Witebsk was located in the middle of a sparsely populated province, at first the voivodeship was not divided into counties.

Voivodeship Governor (Wojewoda) seat: Voivodes: Samuel Sanguszko (1629- XI 1638), Paweł Jan Sapieha (15 VIII 1646-) Administrative division: