The river provides habitat for many species of wildlife including an adfluvial (migratory) and resident populations of native Great Basin redband trout.

The Wood River flows through Klamath County, Oregon with headwaters emanating from a large natural spring located in Jackson F. Kimball State Recreation Site.

The aquifer that feeds the spring is believed to originate 20 miles (32 km) to the northwest in the east side drainage of Crater Lake National Park.

[1] From there, the Wood runs south through the Fremont-Winema National Forests and private pasture land before Fort Creek joins the flow.

After leaving the park, Annie Creek flows into flat meadow lands on the western border of Sun Pass State Forest.

The lower Wood River flows through pasture land and ultimately opens into a large marsh before draining into Agency Lake.

Soldiers constructed a sawmill on Fort Creek, and use the lumber it produced to build officers quarters, troop barracks, a guardhouse and arsenal, a small hospital, a bakery, stables, and other structures.

[5] The Wood River habitat supports wild, self-sustaining populations of brook, brown, Great Basin redband, and coastal rainbow trout.

The Wood River Species Management Unit (SMU) for redband trout is considered secure by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife.

[1] In addition to the fish habitat, the Wood River valley supports a diverse population of nesting ducks, shorebirds, and migratory songbirds.

These include wood ducks, mallards, cinnamon teal, Canada geese, mergansers, American coots, common snipes, mourning doves, killdeer, great egrets, meadowlarks, and yellow warblers.

[1][7] In September 1992, U.S. Congress appropriated funds for the Bureau of Land Management to purchase 3,200 acres (13 km2) of natural wetland along the north end of Agency Lake at the mouth of the Wood River.

The Wood River Wetland is open year round for day use activities including fishing, canoeing, kayaking, bird and wildlife watching, and waterfowl hunting in season.