[1] The first municipal building in the town was a medieval guildhall on the south side of Market Street which dated back at least to the 15th century.

[2] In the early 1760s, the lord of the manor, George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough, approved plans for a new town hall: the site chosen had been occupied by an ancient market cross.

[2][3] It was designed by Sir William Chambers in the neoclassical style, built by John Hooper in ashlar stone at a cost of £1,100 and was completed in 1767.

[2] In the second half of the 19th century the county magistrates held hearings in the building and, in 1861, a drinking fountain was installed on the south elevation of the building at the expense of John Spencer-Churchill, 7th Duke of Marlborough in appreciation of the efforts of the people of town in extinguishing a major fire at Blenheim Palace earlier that year.

[8] In the 1990s, a series of wall hangings were by created by the Woodstock Broderers for the main assembly hall,[9] and, in the 21st century, the building became an approved venue for weddings and civil partnership ceremonies.