The PCOF was established on 18 March 1979, on the anniversary of Paris Commune, after a split in the Strasbourg section of the Maoist Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of France [fr] (PCMLF).

During the Cold War, the PCOF supported the political line of the Party of Labour of Albania.

From October 2011 to March 2016, the party was a member of the Front de Gauche.

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