For World Athletics purposes, mountain running takes place on terrain that is mainly off-road, but if there is significant elevation gain on the route, surfaced roads may be used.
Courses involve considerable amounts of ascent (for mainly uphill races), or both ascent and descent (for up and down races with the start and finish at similar heights).
In 1985, the organization staged the first annual World Mountain Running Trophy.
[4] Competitions are also held for Masters (veteran) and under 18 year old runners.
[4] Starting from 2021 (the event postponed to 2022) a joint World Mountain and Trail Running Championships are held.