World of Darkness (Mandaeism)

In Mandaeism, the World of Darkness (Classical Mandaic: ࡀࡋࡌࡀ ࡖࡄࡔࡅࡊࡀ, romanized: alma ḏ-hšuka) is the underworld located below Tibil (Earth).

It is ruled by its king Ur the Leviathan and its queen Ruha, mother of the seven planets and twelve constellations.

[1] The great dividing river of Hitpun, analogous to the river Styx in Greek mythology, separates the World of Darkness from the World of Light.

[3] The Ginza Rabba mention the Abaddons (ebdunia) as part of the World of Darkness.

[4] The World of Darkness is sometimes referred to as Sheol (šiul) in the Ginza Rabba and other Mandaean scriptures.