The western segment, which is a north–south highway, extends 20.3 miles (32.7 km) from Georgia State Route 17 (SR 17) and the northern terminus of Harrison Road in Thomson to US 78/SR 10/SR 17 southeast of Washington.

The eastern segment, which is an east–west highway, extends 24.7 miles (39.8 km) from SR 223 and Hinton Wilson Road east-northeast of Thomson to James Brown Boulevard in Augusta.

It was named after Wrightsboro, a settlement formed in 1768 by British Royal Governor James Wright.

Just south of an intersection with the eastern terminus of Ridgeview Drive, the highway begins a curve to the north-northeast.

Just north of an intersection with the western terminus of Daniel Place (CR 200), it travels over, but does not have an interchange with Interstate 20 (I-20).

North of an intersection with the western terminus of Knox Rivers Road NW (CR 20), it curves to the west-northwest.

Just south of an intersection with the northern terminus of 3 Points Road (CR 021), the highway curves to the north.

SR 80 and Wrightsboro Road travel concurrently to the north-northeast, briefly on the county line.

South of an intersection with the western terminus of Big Cedar Road (CR 197), the creek ends.

At an intersection with the northern terminus of Katherine Street, SR 388 splits off to the north-northeast, onto the southern end of Horizon South Parkway, while Wrightsboro Road continues to the east.

Just to the east of Bellevue Memorial Gardens, a cemetery, it curves back to the east-southeast and intersects SR 383 (Jimmie Dyess Parkway).

Immediately after this intersection, the road enters Richmond County and the city limits of Augusta.

It travels north of Sue Reynolds Elementary School and then makes a gradual curve to the southeast.

Then, it skirts along the northern edge of the Augusta Municipal Golf Course and Daniel Field, a public use airport.

Just past Daniel Field, Wrightsboro Road travels between AU's Summerville campus and the Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center.

[2] The only portion of Wrightsboro Road that is part of the National Highway System, a system of routes determined to be the most important for the nation's economy, mobility, and defense, are as follows: From the 1770s to mid 1780s, the western segment of Wrightsboro Road was constructed.

[citation needed] In 1966, Wrightsboro Road served the eastern terminus of SR 232/Bobby Jones Expressway until the 1970s.

In the fall of 2012, Reeves Construction Company of Macon was awarded a contract to widen Wrightsboro Road from two to four lanes between Jimmie Dyess Parkway and I-520.