Würzburg (German: [ˈvʏʁtsbʊʁk] ⓘ; Main-Franconian: Wörtzburch) is, after Nuremberg and Fürth, the third-largest city in Franconia located in the north of Bavaria.

[3][4] Würzburg is famous for its partly rebuilt and reconstructed old town[5] and its Würzburger Residenz, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Duchy of Franconia (to 1168) Prince-Bishopric of Würzburg, 1168–1803 Electorate of Bavaria, 1803–1805 Grand Duchy of Würzburg, 1805–1814 Kingdom of Bavaria, 1814–1871 German Empire, (Kingdom of Bavaria), 1871–1918 German Reich, 1918–1919 Würzburg Soviet Republic, 1919 German Reich, 1919–1945 American-occupied zone, 1945–1949 Germany, 1949–present A Bronze Age (Urnfield culture) refuge castle, the Celtic Segodunum,[6] and later a Roman fort, stood on the hill known as the Leistenberg,[7] the site of the present Fortress Marienberg.

The city is mentioned in a donation by Duke Hedan II to bishop Willibrord, dated 1 May 704, in castellum Virteburch.

The bishops eventually created a secular fiefdom, that extended to Eastern Franconia in the 12th century.

The first church on the site of the present Würzburg Cathedral was built as early as 788 and consecrated that same year by Charlemagne; the current building was constructed from 1040 to 1225 in Romanesque style.

In 1400, the bishop's troops decisively defeated the citizenry in the Battle of Bergtheim [de], and the city fell under his control permanently until the dissolution of the fiefdom.

The Hep-Hep riots from August to October 1819 were pogroms against Ashkenazi Jews, beginning in the Kingdom of Bavaria, during the period of Jewish emancipation in the German Confederation.

The antisemitic communal violence began on August 2, 1819, in Würzburg and soon reached the outer regions of the German Confederation.

By distinction, the Würzburg Conference is a name given to the meeting of representatives of the smaller German states in 1859 to devise some means of mutual support.

[15] From April 1943 to March 1945 a subcamp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp was located in the city, with dozens of prisoners, mostly from Poland and the Soviet Union.

[16] On 16 March 1945, about 90% of the city was destroyed in 17 minutes by firebombing from 225 British Lancaster bombers during a World War II air raid.

On a relative scale, Würzburg was destroyed to a larger extent than was Dresden in a firebombing the previous month.

[17][18] Würzburg spans the banks of the river Main in the region of Lower Franconia in the north of the state of Bavaria, Germany.

01 Altstadt 02 Zellerau 03 Dürrbachtal 04 Grombühl 05 Lindleinsmühle 06 Frauenland 07 Sanderau 08 Heidingsfeld 09 Heuchelhof 10 Steinbachtal 11 Versbach 12 Lengfeld 13 Rottenbauer Wurzburg's 2023 population is now estimated at 126,033.

The largest private employers are Brose Fahrzeugteile followed by Koenig & Bauer, a maker of printing machines.

Nick di Camillo opened his restaurant named Bier- und Speisewirtschaft Capri on 24 March 1952.

Notable artists who lived in Würzburg include poet Walther von der Vogelweide (12th and 13th centuries), philosopher Albertus Magnus and painter Matthias Grünewald.

Nowitzki and numerous other German national team players started their careers at the local Baskets Würzburg club that plays in the Basketball Bundesliga as of 2016[update].

The University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt was founded in 1971 as an institute of technology with departments in Würzburg and Schweinfurt.

The Conservatory of Würzburg is an institution with a long tradition as well as an impressive success story of more than 200 years.

Radio stations like Antenne Bayern and state broadcaster Bayerischer Rundfunk have local studios.

Würzburg lies at the southern end of the Hanover-Würzburg high-speed rail line that offers frequent InterCityExpress and InterCity connections to cities such as Cologne, Frankfurt, Hanover, Hamburg, Munich, Nuremberg and Vienna.

The proposed Line 6 from Hauptbahnhof (Main Station) to Hubland university campus via Residenz is scheduled to be completed after 2018.

Universitätsklinikum Würzburg [de] provides health care services, with over 5,300 employees and over 1,400 hospital beds.