XML validation is the process of checking a document written in XML (eXtensible Markup Language) to confirm that it is both well-formed and also "valid" in that it follows a defined structure.
A well-formed document follows the basic syntactic rules of XML, which are the same for all XML documents.
[1] A valid document also respects the rules dictated by a particular DTD or XML schema.
[2] Automated tools – validators – can perform well-formedness tests and many other validation tests, but not those that require human judgement, such as correct application of a schema to a data set.
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