The Union Army of the James was formed in April 1864 under the command of Major General Benjamin Butler for the purpose of taking Richmond, Virginia and Petersburg, Virginia while the Union Army of the Potomac along with the separate IX Corps under the direction of Union General-in-chief Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and the tactical command of Major General George Meade engaged Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia in the Overland Campaign.
In April 1864, the Army of the James was composed of the X Corps, the XVIII Corps and a cavalry division under the command of Brigadier General August V. Kautz.
[1] In December 1864, the white and black units of the Army of the James were divided into two corps.
This division was ultimately absorbed into the revived X Corps in March 1865.
The corps took part in the defeat of Lee at Hatcher's Run in February and were involved in the assaults of Fort Gregg and Fort Whitworth during the fall of Petersburg on April 2 The corps was engaged during the skirmish at Appomattox that occurred just prior to Lee's surrender.