Xiang Lang (160s-247),[1] courtesy name Juda, was an official and scholar of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
In 243, Xiang Lang resigned and spent the remaining years of his life reading, writing, proofreading and editing various classical texts.
[2] In his youth, Xiang Lang was a student of Sima Hui alongside Xu Shu, Han Song and Pang Tong.
[4] After Liu Bei conquered the lands south of the Yangtze River, he assigned Xiang Lang as Commander (督) of Mu (巫), Yidao (夷道), Yiling (夷陵) and Zigui (秭歸) in charge of military and civil affairs of the four counties.
In 234, after Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Shan promoted Xiang Lang to the position of General of the Left (左將軍) and enfeoffed him as the Marquis of Xianming Village (顯明亭侯) in recognition of his past contributions.
He would teach and receive many of the newer generation, but only to debate over ancient principles and refused to engage in discussion about current matters.
During the Jingyao era (景耀; 258–263) of Liu Shan's reign, he was appointed as Assistant to the Imperial Counsellor (御史中丞).
[11] According to the Xiangyang Ji, Xiang Lang last words to his son were: "The Zuo Zhuan teaches us that an army overcoming another is thanks to their harmony, not their numbers.
"[12] It also recorded that Xiang Tiao, whose courtesy name was Wenbao (文豹), was known for his wide range of studies and extensive knowledge.