After the annexation of Manchukuo by the Republic of China after the end of World War II, the Kuomintang continued to recognize the area as Xing'an Province, with the capital in Hailar.

However, under the administration of the People's Republic of China from 1949, the area was annexed to the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and is now referred to as the Hulunbuir Prefecture-level city.

Under the Manchukuo period, Xing'an was primarily an agricultural area, with food grains, particularly wheat, soy and corn, as well as cattle, sheep, horse and other livestock.

The primary economic asset of Xing'an was its extensive coal deposits, primarily at Chalai Nor hill, 25 kilometers from the frontier station of Manzhouli, where 290,000 metric tonnes were extracted annually.

The Mongols of Manchuria: Their Tribal Divisions, Geographical Distribution, Historical Relations with Manchus and Chinese, and Present Political Problems.